Why doesn’t pregnancy occur?

Why doesn't pregnancy occur?

One in 6 couples has difficulty getting pregnant.

Frequently, there are no alarm signals or known causes.

If 12 months of testing have passed (or 6 months, in the case of women over 35 years of age), the couple should consult a specialist for evaluation and treatment.

 

What are the most important risk factors ?

Ladies
  • Age over 35 years
  • Irregular or absent menstruation
  • Uterine curettage
  • ENDOMETRIOSIS
  • Sexually transmitted diseases or a history of pelvic infections
  • Abdominal abdominal surgery history
  • Chronic, immunological diseases, cancers
Men
  • Sexually transmitted diseases or a history of pelvic infections
  • History of abdominal or urological surgery
  • Varicocele and other types of vascular damage
  • Chronic diseases: diabetes, hypertension, etc.
  • Chemistry or radiotherapy in the background
  • Mumps started after puberty
  • Genetic diseases in the family
Lifestyle
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Unprotected sexual contact, multiple partners
  • Exposure to toxic substances, pesticides, radiation
  • Some drugs, steroids, anabolics
  • Stress

What are the causes of infertility ?

Female factors
  • Ovulatory dysfunction – lack or disorder of ovulation
    • Micropolycystic ovaries (5 – 10% of women)
    • Endocrinological or genetic diseases
    • Obesity or excessive weight loss
    • Very low ovarian reserve
  • Damage to the fallopian tubes – inflammation, ectopic pregnancies
  • Advanced endometriosis
  • Uterine problems
    • Malformations, bulky fibroids
    • Intrauterine synechiae after curettage
Male factors
  • Sperm dysfunction – changes in the spermogram, caused by:
    • Sexually transmitted diseases
    • Varicocele – dilation of a vein in the testicle area
    • Antisperm antibodies after trauma
    • Hormonal imbalances – sometimes after anabolic steroids
    • Ectopic testicles (not descended into the scrotum)
    • Genetic defects
  • Erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction
    • Retrograde ejaculation – elimination of sperm in the bladder
    • Lifestyle – Drugs, alcohol, medication, stress
Common factors
  • Sexual problems – pain (dyspareunia, vaginismus), lack of erection
  • Missing the fertile period – rare sexual contact or other periods

The fertile period is a period of 3-5 days before ovulation

  • Sexual rest too long

Optimal: daily sexual intercourse or at most 2 days apart, during the fertile period